Illegal forward pass: The offense either: throws a forward pass while past the line of scrimmage or after a change or possession or a second forward pass is thrown during the same play.(All other players must be behind the line.) Illegal formation: Any formation where there are not seven players on the line of scrimmage, with the two players on the end of the line being eligible.Signal: Referee circles fists/forearms around each other at chest level. False start: Before the snap, an offensive player who is set in position moves in a way that simulates the start of play.D is the result of the penalty and any other information relevant to the call, such as the resulting down, whether penalties offset, etc.In the CFL, the referee uses the penalized team's region identifier rather than which side of the ball they are on (ex., "Holding, Toronto, #74" rather than "Holding, #74, Defence").At the high school level and below, fouls are generally not charged to a specific player, unless they commit unsportsmanlike conduct, which results in a warning for the first instance and ejection for the second.In the NCAA and NFL, this is the number of the player and whether he's on offense, defense, or the kicking or receiving team as appropriate."Personal foul" is announced after any other qualifiers, as it is a specific category of penalties. A is a qualifier such as "Dead ball foul:", "After the play was over:", "Personal foul:", etc.Penalties are announced in an A-B-C-D format where: If this occurs, the penalties are announced then declared to offset. If the offense and defense both commit a penalty on the same play, the penalties may negate each other (called offsetting) depending on their nature and when they were committed in the course of the play. Another common example is any time a "live-ball" defensive foul occurs and the offense gains more yards than the penalty would give them, or scores. Moving to 4th down, rather than the penalty forcing them to repeat 3rd down, is one such example. There are moments when declining a penalty will benefit the team. The coach of the team that did not cause the penalty has the option to decline the penalty, which means that the play will stand as called, and the loss of yardage or downs will not occur. On rare occasions, an official will also throw their hat this almost always happens during altercations on the field or other situations that lead to multiple penalties, and when that official has already thrown their flag. If they're not the referee note the one wearing the white hat however in Canada, the referee wears a black hat and the other officials wear white, they will then tell the referee what they saw and which team and/or player caused the infraction, which the referee will then announce to the audience. If one of these infractions is seen by an official, they will throw a yellow flag (orange in Canada) and, if the penalty calls for it, blow their whistle to signal the play dead. The list is primarily NFL-oriented college, high school, and Canadian penalties are noted as such as appropriate. The following is an explanation of various penalties in American Football.
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